Vol 16, No 3 (2012)

Background and Objectives: Dental health education is a planned package of information, learning activities or experiences that are intended to promote dental health. The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of dental educational program on cleanliness and gingival health in primary dentition of nursery school children aging (3-6) years in Erbil city.

Methods: Oral examination was performed on (148) children of (Balla) nursery school in Erbil city. They were divided into two equal groups, each consisting of (74) children. The first group, an experimental group, received dental health education instructions for 8 weeks before clinically examining the children (the dentist with cooperation from their teachers) twice a week. The second group, control group, whose members examined clinically without any dental educational program. Index used was CPITN.

Results: Clinical examination showed that CPITN of group (1) was lower with a healthier gingiva with less plaque accumulation when compared with group (2) with statistical significant differences (P-value <0.005).

Conclusion: Dental health education program is an essential activity for promoting optimal oral health and preventing oral diseases. The program displayed positive influence on gingival and oral health behaviors of nursery school children.

Background and objectives: Fine needle aspiration cytology of the testis is now well recognized in diagnosis of testicular diseases. Recently it has also gained popularity for its diagnostic and therapeutic role in male infertility. The purpose of this article is to put light on role of testicular fine needle testicular cytology in male infertility and provide brief information on method of testicular fine needle aspiration interpretation of testicular fine needle aspiration cytology for evaluation of spermatogenesis, its advantages, limitations and complications as compared to testicular biopsy, moreover to its coincidence with hormonal situation of the patient for diagnosis.

Methods: This is a prospective study for sample collection during the period from January 2009-Dec 2010. The samples studied included 152 patients underwent FNA of testis for evaluation of spermatogenesis , spermiogenesis & the presence of active mature sperms in addition to hormonal assay for FSH, LH, testosterone and prolactine correlating with clinical findings

Results: : The majority of cases of infertility were due to secondary maturation arrest (94 cases 61.84%) (P=0.03) followed by obstructive orchiopathy (38case 25%) & then the minority of cases were due to untreatable conditions including primary maturation arrest & total testicular atrophy

Conclusion: FNAC is the dependent method of Azospermic patient evaluation despite of the presence of controversial ideas depending on that the FNAC size is not a suitable window to be able to represent whole testis in evaluation of azospermia.