The prevalence of subclinical thyroid disease in a sample of pregnant women with hypertension during labor: A cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2019.045Keywords:
Subclinical thyroid disease, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Hypertension, PrevalenceAbstract
Background and objective: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy remain one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and death. Subclinical thyroid disease may play an important underlying cause of hypertension during pregnancy. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of subclinical thyroid disease in a sample of pregnant women with hypertension during labor.
Methods: A cross sectional study was performed at the Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq, from January to December 2016.Two hundred fifty women were included in this study, all with hypertension related to pregnancy (pregnancy induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia). The TSH and serum free T4 levels were estimated and the participants were classified to be euthyroid, subclinical hyperthyroid, or subclinical hypothyroid. A specially designed questionnaire was used to collect data.
Results: Of the 250 women included in our study, 191 (76.4%) had TSH levels within the normal range and were considered to be euthyroid, 59 (23.4%) had TSH levels more than 4 milliunits/L meeting the criteria of sub-clinical hypothyroidism. There were no cases of subclinical hyperthyroidism (TSH level below normal).
Conclusion: Subclinical thyroid disease may be a contributory factor in the development of hypertension during pregnancy. No correlation was found between subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypertension during pregnancy.
Metrics
References
Duan Y, Peng W, Wang X, Tang W, Liu X, Xu S, et al. Community-based study of the association of subclinical thyroid dysfunction with blood pressure. Endocrine 2009; 35:136–42.
Garg A, Vanderpump MPJ. Subclinical thyroid disease. Br Med Bull 2013; 107(1):101–16.
Abbassi-Ghanavati M, Casey BM, Spong CY, McIntire DD, Halvorson LM, Cunningham FG. Pregnancy outcomes in women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116:381–6.
Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, McIntire DD, Byrd W, Leveno KJ, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 105:239–45.
Cleary-Goldman J, Malone FD, Lambert-Messerlian G, Sullivan L, Canick J, et al. Maternal thyroid hypofunction and pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 112:85–92.
Haddow JE, McClain MR, Palomaki GE, Neveux LM, Lambert-Messerlian G, et al. Thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies in early pregnancy and placentalabruption. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117(2 Pt 1):287–92.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy. NICE Clinical Guidelines 107; 2010. (Accessed January 12, 2017, at; www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13098/50418/50418.pdf).
Cooper DS, Biondi B. Subclinical thyroid disease. The Lancet 2012; 379(9821):1142–54.
BTA A, BTF U. Guidelines for the use of thyroid function tests. Association for Clinical Biochemistry, British Thyroid Association. British Thyroid Foundation, Londres; 2006.
Hasanzadeh M, Ayatollahi H, Farzadnia M, Ayati S, Khoob MK. Elevated plasma total homocysteine in preeclampsia. Saudi Med J 2008; 29(6):875–8.
Qublan HS, Al-Kaisi IJ, Hindawi IM, Hiasat MS, Awamleh I, Hamaideh AH, et al. Severe pre-eclampsia and maternal thyroid function. J Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 23:244–6.
Mostaghel N, Tavanayanfar E, NeisaniSamani E. Association of maternal hypothyroidism with pre-eclampsia. Iranian Journal of Pathology 2008; 3(2):51–4.
Sardana D, Nanda S, Kharb S. Thyroid hormones in pregnancy and preeclampsia. J Turk German Gynaecol Assoc 2009; 10:168–71.
Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2010; 376:631–44.
Wilson KL, Casey BM, McIntire DD, Halvorson LM, Cunningham FG. Subclinical thyroid disease and the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 119(2):315–20.
Sahu MT, Das V, Mittal S, Agarwal A, Sahu M. Overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among Indian pregnant women and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 281(2):215.
Lavine RJ, Lindheimer MD. First trimester prediction of early preeclampsia: A possibility at last. Hypertension 2009; 53:747–8.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright on any article published in Zanco J Med Sci is retained by the author(s) in agreement with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
