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Chemical constituents and anti-gastric ulcer activity of quercus infectoria galls in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model

Hawler Hamza Taha
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Aveen N. Adham
Hawler Medical Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.University/College of Pharmacy
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Copyright (c) 2026 Hawler Hamza Taha, Aveen N. Adham (Author)

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Abstract

Background and objective: Quercus infectoria galls (Q.infectoria), rich in polyphenols, have been traditionally used to treat gastric disorders. This study aimed to evaluate their phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory, anti-gastric ulcer efficacy, and safety in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model.

Methods: Ethanol extracts were obtained using ultrasonic and reflux methods. Quantitative estimation of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) were performed. HPLC analysis was conducted to identify major phenolic constituents. Anti-ulcer efficacy was assessed in rats with ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, followed by measurement of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and biochemical safety parameters.

Results: Q.infectoria galls showed high levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, and exhibited vigorous DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀: 43.88 µg/mL). HPLC confirmed gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and kaempferol as major constituents. The extract significantly reduced ulcer index, gastric acidity, and inflammatory markers, with effects comparable to esomeprazole and no observed toxicity.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that galls of Q.infectoria possess anti-ulcer potential, mediated by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It may serve as a safe, natural alternative for managing gastric ulcers.

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How to Cite
Hamza Taha, H., & N. Adham, A. (2026). Chemical constituents and anti-gastric ulcer activity of quercus infectoria galls in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences (ZJMS), 30(1), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2026.016

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