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Assessment of the status of advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, and other biomarker parameters in the sera of diabetic patients in Erbil city

Nishan Abdulwahab Taha
Department of Clinical biochemistry, College of Health Science, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
Kamaran Kayani Abdoulrahman
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nishan Abdulwahab Taha, Kamaran Kayani Abdoulrahman (Author)

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Abstract

Background and objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant threat to human health, especially in developed countries, and is very important for helping us understand advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that contribute to oxidative stress (OS). The purpose of the investigation is to assess the concentration of the serum level of AGE, OS, antioxidants, and lipid profile parameters in diabetic patient.
Methods: This case-control study comprised 90 participants, including 60 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy subjects, encompassing both genders. Demographic information and medication histories were gathered for each participant. The levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE), oxidative stress (OS) markers, antioxidants, and the parameters of lipid profile were evaluated using Randox Imola and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods.

Results: The current investigation demonstrated that serum levels of pentosidine (PEN), peroxynitrite (ONOO•-), and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were significantly elevated, whereas serum levels of glutathione reductase (GR) and vitamin E were significantly reduced in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to the healthy group.
Conclusion: Elevated levels of AGEs and oxidative stress are correlated with diabetes mellitus patients. Glutathione reductase and peroxynitrite may serve as effective indicators for diabetes mellitus.

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How to Cite
Taha, N. A. ., & Abdoulrahman, K. K. . (2026). Assessment of the status of advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, and other biomarker parameters in the sera of diabetic patients in Erbil city . Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences (ZJMS), 30(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2026.004

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