Advance Search

Application of salmonella phage to reduce in-vitro and in-vivo colonization of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhi

Muayad Ahmed Mahmud
Department of Medial Laboratory Technology, Shaqlawa Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq.
Sherko M. Abdul-Rahman
Department of Biology, College of Education/Shaqlawa, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq.
Aziz M. Jafaar
Ministry of Health, Directorate of Health, Hawler Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Iraq.
Zuber I. Hassan
Department of Medial Laboratory Technology, Shaqlawa Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq.
Keywords:
Copyright and Licensing:

Copyright (c) 2024 Muayad Ahmed Mahmud, Sherko M. Abdul-Rahman, Aziz M. Jafaar , Zuber I. Hassan (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Share:
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Background and objective: Salmonella typhi is the causative agent of enteric fever while Salmonella enteritidis causes gastroenteritis. Lytic bacteriophages can be applied as biocontrol agents to prevent Salmonella infections. The purpose of this study was to prepare a proper Salmonella phage therapy candidate to be used against pathogenic Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhi.

Methods: We used clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella enteritidis as host bacteria, to isolate Salmonella-specific phages from raw sewage water in four locations (Bahrka, Farmnbaran neighborhoods, Korey and Shaqlawa towns) in Erbil district. We assessed the efficacy of this phage as a biocontrol agent against Salmonella enteritidis in-vivo using four groups of 8 pathogen-free duck chicks. A group was kept as uninfected control while the other three groups were artificially infected with a clinical strain of Salmonella enteritidis. Two of the infected groups were treated by oral administration of phage suspension using two different doses of Salmonella enteritidis phage (7 and 12 Log10 Plague Forming Unit respectively). To compare the bacterial growth dynamics among the infected groups, one group was kept untreated.

Results: We found that the four sewage samples contained bacteriophages for the two bacterial isolates with different plaque diameters and morphology. Salmonella enteritidis phage isolates collected from the Farmanbaran neighborhood showed the best lysing efficacy in-vitro hence it was selected to be tested in-vivo experiment. Phage-treatment significantly reduced the colonization burden of Salmonella enteritidis in feces and cecum contents of the experimentally infected chicks.

Conclusion: These results suggest that using Salmonella phage could be a good agent to control Salmonella.

PDF
PDF

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. WHO. Typhoid. World Health Organization website (accessed Sep 24, 2022). Retrived from: https://wwwwhoint/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/typhoid. 2018.
  2. Dworkin J, Saeed R, Mykhan H, Kanan S, Farhad D, Ali K O, et al. Burden of typhoid fever in Sulaimania, Iraqi Kurdistan. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 27:70–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.005
  3. Scallan E, Hoekstra R M, Angulo F J, Tauxe R V, Widdowson M A, Roy S L, et al. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States--major pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17(1):7–15. DOI: 10.3201/eid1701.p11101
  4. Popa G L, Papa M I. Salmonella spp. infection - a continuous threat worldwide. Germs 2021; 11(1):88–96 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2021.1244
  5. WHO. The top 10 causes of death. World Health Organization website (accessed Sep 24, 2022). Available from: https://wwwwhoint/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death. 2020.
  6. CDC. Reports of Selected Salmonella Outbreak Investigations. CDC's website (accessed Aug 24, 2022). Available from: https://wwwcdcgov/salmonella/outbreakshtml. 2022.
  7. Tarabees R, Elsayed M S A, Shawish R, Basiouni S, Shehata A A. Isolation and characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium from chicken meat in Egypt. J Infect Dev Ctries 2017; 11(4):314–9. DOI: 10.3855/jidc.8043
  8. Zhang L, Fu Y, Xiong Z, Ma Y, Wei Y, Qu X, et al. Highly Prevalent Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella From Chicken and Pork Meat at Retail Markets in Guangdong, China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2104. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02104
  9. Nair DVT, Venkitanarayanan K, Kollanoor Johny A. Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella in the Food Supply and the Potential Role of Antibiotic Alternatives for Control. Foods 2018; 7(10). DOI: 10.3390/foods7100167
  10. Aslam S, Schooley R T. What's Old Is New Again: Bacteriophage Therapy in the 21st Century. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 64(1). DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01987-19
  11. Benler S, Cobian-Guemes A G, McNair K, Hung S H, Levi K, Edwards R, et al. A diversity-generating retroelement encoded by a globally ubiquitous Bacteroides phage. Microbiome 2018; 6(1):191. DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0573-6
  12. Principi N, Silvestri E, Esposito S. Advantages and Limitations of Bacteriophages for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:513. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00513
  13. Mahmud M A. Assessing Factors that Shape Neonatal Gut Microbiota in Erbil Province/Iraq. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 2022; 15(3):347–51. DOI: 10.54319/jjbs/150323
  14. Parry-Hanson Kunadu A, Otwey R Y, Mosi L. Microbiological quality and Salmonella prevalence, serovar distribution and antimicrobial resistance associated with informal raw chicken processing in Accra, Ghana. Food Control 2020; 118:107440. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107440.
  15. Limited O. Oxoid Salmonella Test Kit, Oxoid web page (accessed Sep 24, 2022). Retrived from: https://www.analisisavanzados.com. 2016.
  16. Atterbury R J, Van Bergen M A, Ortiz F, Lovell M A, Harris J A, De Boer A, et al. Bacteriophage therapy to reduce salmonella colonization of broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73(14):4543–9. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00049-07
  17. Nikkhahi F, Soltan Dallal M M, Alimohammadi M, Rahimi Foroushani A, Rajabi Z, Fardsanei F, et al. Phage therapy: assessment of the efficacy of a bacteriophage isolated in the treatment of salmonellosis induced by Salmonella enteritidis in mice. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2017; 10(2):131–6. PMID:28702137 PMCID: PMC5495901
  18. WHO. Food Safety. World Health Organization website (accessed Sep 24, 2022). Available from: https://wwwwhoint/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/food-safety. 2022.
  19. Stanaway J D, Parisi A, Sarkar K, Blacker B F, Reiner R C, Hay S I, et al. The global burden of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2019; 19(12):1312–24. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30418-9
  20. WHO. Estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases: foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group 2007-2015. World Health Organization website (accessed Sep 24, 2022). Available from: https://appswhoint/iris/handle/10665/199350. 2015.
  21. Nale J Y, Vinner G K, Lopez V C, Thanki A M, Phothaworn P, Thiennimitr P, et al. An Optimized Bacteriophage Cocktail Can Effectively Control Salmonella in vitro and in Galleria mellonella. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:609955. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.609955
  22. Naureen Z, Dautaj A, Anpilogov K, Camilleri G, Dhuli K, Tanzi B, et al. Bacteriophages presence in nature and their role in the natural selection of bacterial populations. Acta Biomed. 2020; 91(13-s):e2020024. DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-S.10819
  23. Kamilla S, Jain V. Mycobacteriophage D29 holin C-terminal region functionally assists in holin aggregation and bacterial cell death. FEBS J 2016; 283(1):173–90. DOI: 10.1111/febs.13565
  24. Li S, He Y, Mann DA, Deng X. Global spread of Salmonella Enteritidis via centralized sourcing and international trade of poultry breeding stocks. Nat Commun 2021; 12(1):5109. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25319-7
  25. Pelyuntha W, Ngasaman R, Yingkajorn M, Chukiatsiri K, Benjakul S, Vongkamjan K. Isolation and Characterization of Potential Salmonella Phages Targeting Multidrug-Resistant and Major Serovars of Salmonella Derived From Broiler Production Chain in Thailand. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:662461. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662461
How to Cite
Mahmud, M. A., M. Abdul-Rahman, S. ., M. Jafaar , A., & I. Hassan, Z. (2024). Application of salmonella phage to reduce in-vitro and in-vivo colonization of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhi . Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences (Zanco J Med Sci), 28(3), 429–437. https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2024.42

Send mail to Author

Send Cancel