Ocular ultrasonography for detection of posterior segment pathology in adult patients presenting with blurred vision

Suaad Mohammed Musa; Medya Ghazi Sedeq

doi:10.15218/zjms.2021.026

Authors

Suaad Mohammed Musa Erbil General Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health, Erbil, Iraq.
Medya Ghazi Sedeq Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2021.026

Keywords:

Ocular ultrasonography, Posterior segment pathology, Blurred vision, Age, Gender

Abstract

Background and objective: Ocular posterior segment lesions can affect individuals of both sexes at all ages. Such lesions can lead to serious manifestations such as retinal detachment and retinal hemorrhage, leading to permanent loss of eyesight. This study aimed to determine the association between age and gender and changes in ocular posterior segment based on ultrasonography findings.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 50 patients with blurry vision who had been referred from ophthalmology outpatient clinics to the radiology department of Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Kurdistan region in Iraq. Required data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire, and the patients were examined using a high resolution 7.5-10 MHz linear array ultrasound transducer.

Results: The most frequent complications associated with ocular posterior segment pathologies were old vitreous hemorrhage (72%), posterior vitreous detachment (36%), and retinal detachment (34%). Diabetes and hypertension were the most frequent diseases associated with ocular posterior segment pathology. A significant association was seen between the patients' age with old vitreous hemorrhage (P = 0.003). A significant association was seen between the patients’ medical conditions with old vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment. There was no significant correlation between the patients’ gender and the studied ocular posterior segment pathologies.

Conclusion: Age has a strong correlation with old vitreous hemorrhage, chronic medical conditions such as diabetes, and hypertension correlated with old vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abramoff MD, Garvin MK, Sonka M. Retinal imaging and image analysis. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2010; 3:169–208. https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2010.2084567.

Michalinos A, Zogana S, Kotsiomitis E, Mazarakis A, Troupis T. Anatomy of the ophthalmic artery: A review concerning its modern surgical and clinical applications. Anat Res Int. 2015; 2015:591961. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/591961.

Medina CA, Singh AD. Imaging of intraocular tumors. Retin Physician. 2014; 11:19–25.

de Graaf P, Göricke S, Rodjan F, Galluzzi P, Maeder P, Castelijns JA, et al. Guidelines for imaging retinoblastoma: imaging principles and MRI standardization. Pediatr Radiol. 2012; 42(1):2–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-011-2201-5.

Olson RJ, Braga-Mele R, Chen S H, Miller KM, Pineda R, Tweeten J, et al. Cataract in the adult eye preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmol. 2017; 124(2):P1–P119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.09.027.

De La Hoz PM, Torramilans LA, Pozuelo SO, Anguera BA, Esmerado AC, Caminal MJM. Ocular ultrasonography focused on the posterior eye segment: What radiologists should know. Insights Imaging. 2016; 7:351–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-016-0471-z.

Rosen DB, Conway MD, Ingram CP, Ross RD, Montilla LG. A brief overview of ophthalmic ultrasound imaging,novel diagnostic methods in ophthalmology. Anna Nowinska: Intech Open; 2019. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83510.

Modrzejewska M. Guidelines for ultrasound examination in ophthalmology. Part III: Color Doppler ultrasonography. J Ultrason. 2019; 19(77):128–36. https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2019.0019.

Dimitrova G, Kato S. Color Doppler imaging of retinal diseases. Surv Ophthalmol. 2010; 55(3):193–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.06.010.

Nithyashri J, Kulanthaivel G. Classification of human age based on Neural Network using FG-NET Aging database and Wavelets. Fourth International Conference on Advanced Computing (ICoAC) 2012; 1:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoAC.2012.6416855.

Vasuki G. Prevalence of ocular retinal disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2017; 7(7):719–23. https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0306613032017.

Mendanha DB, Abrahão MM, Vilar MMC, Nassaralla JJJ. Risk factors and incidence of diabetic retinopathy. Rev Bras Oftalmol. 2016; 75(6):443–6. https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7280.20160089.

Ahn SJ, Woo SJ, Park KH. Retinal and choroidal changes with severe hypertension and their association with visual outcome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014; 55(12):7775–85. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-14915.

Bianciotto C, Shields CL, Guzman JM, Romanelli-Gobbi M, Mazzuca D, Green WR, et al. Assessment of anterior segment tumors with ultrasound biomicroscopy versus anterior segment optical coherence tomography in 200 cases. J. Ophthalmol. 2011; 118:1297–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.11.011.

Rashmi MN, Ravi N, Bhimarao. Role of high resolution ultrasonography in the evaluation of posterior segment lesions of the eye. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015; 2(2): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/16.

Ramadhas K, Chandrasekaran S. Ultrasonographic evaluation of Eyes with Opaque Media. IOSR JDMS. 2016; 15(4):24–31. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1504032431.

Sung EK, Nadgir RN, Fujita A, Siegel C, Ghafouri RH, Traand A, et al. Injuries of the globe: what can the radiologist offer? Radiographics 2014; 34(3):764–76. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.343135120.

Elshafie MA, Abouelkheir HY, Othman MM, El Hefny EM. Ultrasonic evaluation of eyes with blunt trauma. J Egypt Ophthalmol Soc. 2018; 111:20–4. https://doi.org/10.4103/ejos.ejos_6_18.

Rejdak R, Juenemann AG, Natarajan S. Posterior segment ocular trauma: Timing and indications for vitrectomy. J Ophthalmol. 2017; 2017:5250924. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5250924.

Rao AA, Naheedy JH, Chen JY, Robbins SL, Ramkumar HL. A clinical update and radiologic review of pediatric orbital and ocular tumors. J Oncol. 2013; 2013:975908. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/975908.

Parrey MUR, Bhatti MO, Channa S, Alswailmi FK. Posterior segment eye diseases detected by B-scan ultrasonography in advanced cataract. Indo Am J P Sci. 2019; 11261–66.

Bond-Taylor M, Jakobsson G, Zetterberg M. Posterior vitreous detachment - prevalence of and risk factors for retinal tears. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017; 11:1689–95. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S143898.

Birnbaum FA, Johnson GM, Johnson LN, Jun B, Machan JT. Increased Prevalence of Optic Disc Drusen after Papilloedema from Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: On the Possible Formation of Optic Disc Drusen. Neuro-ophthalmic. 2016; 40(4):171–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2016.1198917.

Khoshnevis M, Rosen S, Sebag J. Asteroid hyalosis-a comprehensive review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2019; 64(4):452–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.01.008.

Al-Shakarchi FI. Blindness in Iraq: Leading causes, target patients, and barriers to treatment. Middle East Afr. J. Ophthalmol 2011; 18(3):199–203. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.84044.

Poulsen CD, Peto T, Grauslund J, Green A. Epidemiologic characteristics of retinal detachment surgery at a specialized unit in Denmark. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016; 94(6):548–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13113.

Shao L, Xu L, You QS, Wang YX, Chen CX, Yang H, et al. Prevalence and associations of incomplete posterior vitreous detachment in adult Chinese: The Beijing Eye Study. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e58498. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058498.

Zloto O, Pe’er J, Frenkel S. Gender differences in clinical presentation and prognosis of uveal melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54:652–56. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.12-10365.

Nahid R, Mohiuddin A. Automatic detection of optic disc in fundus images by curve operator. 2nd International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technologies (EICT) 2015; P. 143–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/EICT.2015.7391936.

Nentwich MM, Ulbig MW. Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2015; 6(3):489–99. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.489.

Sternfeld A, Axer-Siegel R, Stiebel-Kalish H, Weinberger D, Ehrlich R. Advantages of diabetic tractional retinal detachment repair. Clin Ophthalmol. 2015; 9:1989–94. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S90577.

Roy S, Amin S, Roy S. Retinal fibrosis in diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res. 2016; 142:71–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2015.04.004.

El Annan J, Carvounis PE. Current management of vitreous hemorrhage due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2014; 54(2):141–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000027.