Association of serum vitamin D level with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dler Anwer Kakil; Mohammed Qader Meena

doi:10.15218/zjms.2020.047

Authors

Dler Anwer Kakil Erbil Directorate of Health, Erbil, Iraq.
Mohammed Qader Meena Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2020.047

Keywords:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D3 level, Glycemic control

Abstract

Background and objective: Vitamin D deficiency appears to be related to the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess the association between the level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D{25(OH)D₃and the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This case-control study involved 240 participants divided into two groups, 119 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus and 120 healthy individuals as a control group. The study was conducted in Layla Qassim Diabetic Center in Erbil from March 2018 to March 2019. The data were collected from all the cases, including history and physical examination, using a specially designed questionnaire. From all cases, blood was taken, and samples were sent to the laboratory for serum vitamin D3 level estimation.

Results: From the total of 240 participants, the mean age of cases was 54.04 ± 10.56 years and of controls was 53.12 ± 9.84 years. The mean serum vitamin D3 level of the cases was 9.21 ± 5.69ng/ml, and it was non-significantly (P = 0.3) higher than the control (8.61±4.57)ng/ml. Both groups were within the vitamin D deficient range. Vitamin D level was non-significantly deficient in 84 (70.6%) of diabetic patients compared to 89(73.6%) of control. There was a non-significant difference in vitamin D level in poorly controlled diabetic patients compared to well-controlled diabetic patients (P = 0.584).

Conclusion: No significant association was detected between vitamin D level and glycemic control.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Jameson JL. Diabetes Mellitus, Diagnosis, Classification, and Pathophysiology. Alvin CP. Harrison’s Endocrinology 4th ed. New York. McGraw-Hill Education; 2017. P. 280–92.

Yetley EA. Assessing the vitamin D status of the US population. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:558S.

Stumvoll M, Goldstein BJ, van Haeften TW. Type 2 diabetes: principles of pathogenesis and therapy. Lancet 2005; 365:1333.

Misra M, Pacaud D, Petryl A, Collett-Solberg PF, Kappy M. Vitamin deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations. Pediatric 2008; 122:398.

Pittas AG, Chung M, Trikalinos T, Mitri J, Brendel M, Patel K, et al. Systemic review: Vitamin D and cardiometabolic outcomes. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152:30.

Liu E, Meigs JB, Pittas AG, Economos CD, Mckeown NM, Booth SL, et al. Predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D score and incident type 2 diabetes in the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1627.

Von Hurst PR, Stonehouse W, Coad J. Vitamin D supplementation reduces insulin resistance in South Asia women living in NewZeland who are insulin resistant and Vitamin D deficient- a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2010; 103:549.

Looker AC, Pfeiffer CM, Lacher DA, Schleicher RL, Picciano MF, Yetley EA. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population: 1988-1994 compared with 2000-2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:1519.

Wass J, Owen K. Oxford handbook of endocrinology and diabetes. 3rd ed. UK: Oxford University Press; 2014. P. 684.

Guistina A, Adler RA, Binkley, Bouillon R, Ebeling PR, Lazaretti-Castro M, et al. controversies in Vitamin D: Summary Statement From an International Conference. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:234.

Kimin M, Sun J, Sinclair C,Heward S, Hill J, Dunstone K, et al. Are the current Australian sun exposure guidelines effective in maintaining adequate level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155(Pt B):264–70.

Palacios C , Gonzales L . Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 PtA:138.

Reis JP, von Muhlen D, Miller ER, Michos ED, Appel LJ. Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factor in the United States adolescent population. Pediatric 2009; 124:e371.

Kift R, Rhodes LE, Farrar MD, Webb AR. Is sun exposure enough to avoid wintertime vitamin D deficiency in United Kingdom population group. Int J Environ Res Pubic Health. 2018; 15(8):1624.

Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clinnutr 2000; 72:690.

Altmimi DJ, Ali AF. Serum 25(OH)D in diabetes mellitus type 2: Relation of glycemic control. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2013; 7(12):2686-8.

Patil MB, Regav ED. A clinical, biochemical profile of type-2 diabetes in women with special reference to vitamin-D status in obese and non-obese. J Assoc Physicians India 2018; 66(12):21–4.

Darraj H, Badeddi M, Poore KR, Hummadi A, Khawaji A, Solan Y, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Jazan city, Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:853–62.

Wang N, Wang C, Chen X, Wan H, Chen Y, Chen C, et al. Vitamin D, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: bidirecyional Mendaian randomized analysis. Eur J Nutr 2020;59(4):1379–88.

Pittas AG, Dawson-Hughes B, Sheehan P, Ware JH, Knowler WC, Aroda VR, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:520.

Krul-Poel YH, Ter Wee MM, Lips P, Simsek S. Management of endocrine disease: The effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176(1):R1–14.