Seroprevalence of anti-rubella IgM antibody among pregnant and childbearing women in Diyala province
Keywords:
Rubella, Congenital rubella syndrome, childbearing womenAbstract
Background and Objective: Rubella infections acquired postnatally are usually mild, but maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with considerable risk of intrauterine fetal infection with multi-system damage.Detection of anti-rubella IgM specific antibodies among pregnant and childbearing women in Baquba city and to explore the effects of certain demographic factors.
Methods: The present study was conducted in Baquba-Diyala province during the period from April/2007 to September/2008. Ninety pregnant women were chosen from those attending the primary health care centers in Baquba. They include 30(33.3%) pregnant women who had previous abortions with a mean age 27.2 ± 5.3 years, and 60(66.7%) pregnant women without previous abortion with mean age 23.7± 5.1 years. Additionally, 94 non-pregnant childbearing women were enrolled as a control group. Of those, 37(39.4%) had previous abortions with mean age 33.5 ± 7.8 years, and 57 (60.6%) without abortion, the mean age was 30.7±7.8 years. Certain demographic factors were collected by personal interview. Anti-rubella IgM specific antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS computer assisted processing. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The results revealed that 3(5%) of pregnant women without previous abortion and 8(26.7%) of pregnant women who had previous abortions were seropositive for anti-rubella IgM antibody. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p= 0.003).Whereas, the IgM seropositivity was insignificantly higher in childbearing women without previous abortion compared to childbearing women who had previous abortions (24.6% vs 16.2%), (p=0.33). Furthermore, the IgM seropositivity among childbearing women without previous abortion was significantly higher compared to pregnant women without previous abortion (24.6% vs 5%), (p=0.003).The presence of life births, time of gestation, and the levels of education significantly affect the seropositivity rate of IgM.
Conclusions: Prenatal screening for anti-rubella IgM antibody is an important tool to identify active infection and to provide obstetric management to avoid the risk of congenital rubella syndrome.
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