A retrospective Study of Mandibular Fracture in Children

Ahmad A. Haidar

doi:10.15218/zjms.2009.021

Authors

Ahmad A. Haidar Head of the Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery ,College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2009.021

Keywords:

Mandibular fracture, children, incidence

Abstract

Background and objective: A retrospective study was done to report the incidence of mandibular fractures in children up to fifteen years of age seen in Rizgaree teaching hospital /Erbil / Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Methods: The patient's records of 62 injured child aged 0-15 years, from 1/1/ 2002 to 31/12/2008 were retrieved and relevant data was recorded and analysed. A data collection sheet was designed to record patient's name, sex, age, site of fracture, the etiology of the injury and the method of treatment and complications.

Results: The total number of patients who presented with mandibular fracture in children was 62 (78.5%). The ratio of boys to girls was 43 (69.4%) boys and 19 (30.6%) girls (2.2:1). Most of the trauma reported in age group 12-15years (46.8%). Regarding the site of fracture, condylar fracture (46.7%) was most common followed by symphesis (27.4%), dentoalveolar (14.5%), angle (8.1%) and body (3.3%). The main etiology of fracture was fall from height (54.8%). Most of the patients were treated by closed reduction (88.7%) and fixation.

Conclusion: The incidence and etiology of mandibular fracture in children differs among different populations. In our study, the incidence was not very common, fall was most common cause, condylar fracture was most common. Most of the cases can be treated conventionally.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Zimmermann CE, Troulis MJ, Kaban LB. Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 35(1):2–13.

Haug RH, Foss J. Maxillofacial injuries in the pediatric patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod 2000; 90(2):126–134.

Ferreira PC, Amarante JM, Silva PN, et al. Retrospective study of 1251 maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 115(6):1500–1508.

Holland AJ, Broome C, Steinberg A, Cass DT. Facial fractures in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2001; 17(3):157–160.

Anderson PJ. Fractures of the facial skeleton in children. Injury 1995; 26(1):47–50.

Galiano A.A., Garcia I.J., Pérez M.A., Romance A., Moreno J.J. et al. Pediatric facial fractures: Children are not just small adults. RadioGraphics 2008;28:441-461.

Pachigolla R. Pediatric facial trauma. Grand rounds presentation, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex.http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/Ped-facial-trauma-9905/Ped-facial-trauma-9905.pdf. Published May 12, 1999. Accessed April 2, 2007.

Posnick JP, Costello BJ, Tiwana PS. Pediatric craniomaxillofacial fracture management. In Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2004, 2nd Edition, BC Decker Inc London.527-545.

Posnick JC, Wells M, Pron GE. Pediatric facial fractures: evolving patterns of treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993; 51:836–844

Eggensperger Wymann N.M, Holzle A, Zacbariou Z, Lizuka T. Paediatric craniofacial trauma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66: 58-64.

Kotecha S., Scanell J., Monaghan A., Williams R.W. A four year retrospective study of 1,062 patients presenting with maxillofacial emergencies at a specialist paediatric hospital. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2008; 46: 293–296

Eppley B.L. Use of resorbable plates and screws in pediatric facial fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63:385-91.

Scariot R, Oliveira I.A, Passeri L.A, Rebellato N.L.B, Muller P.R. Maxillofacial injuries in a group of brazilian subjects under 18 years of age. J ApplOral Sci. 2009; 17(3): 195-8.

Thoren H, Kungas P, Lizuca T, Lindqvist C, Tornwall J, et al. Changing trends in causes and patterns of facial fractures in children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009 ; 107:318-324

Qudah M.A, Bataineh A.B. A retrospective study of selected oral and maxillofacial fractures in a group of Jordanian children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 94: 310-14.

Iida S, Matsuya T. Paediatric maxillofacial fractures: their aetiological characters and fracture patterns. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2002; 30:237–41.

Saroğlu I, Sŏnmez H. The prevalence of traumatic injuries treated in the pedodontic clinic of Ankara University, Turkey, during 18 months. Dental Traumatol 2002; 18:299–303.

Costello B.J, Papadopoulos H, Ruiz R. Pediatric craniomaxillofacial trauma. Clin Ped Emerg Med 2005; 6: 32-40.

Rahman RA, Ramli R, Rahman NA, Hussaini HM, Idrus SM, Hamid AL. Maxillofacial trauma of pediatric patients in Malaysia: a retrospective study from 1999 to 2001 in three hospitals. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Jun; 71(6):929-36

Holland AJ, Broome C, Steinberg A, et al: Facial fractures in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2001; 17:157.

Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O, et al: Craniomaxillofacial trauma in children: A review of 3,385 cases with 6,060 injuries in 10 years. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 62:399.

Smartt J.M, Low D.W, Bartlett S.P. The pediatric mandible: II. Management of traumatic injury or fracture. Plas. Reconstr. Surg. 2005; 116:28e.

Hogg NJ, Stewart TC, Armstrong JE, Girotti MJ: Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries at trauma hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 1997. J Trauma 2000; 49: 425–432

Kalia V, Singh A.P. Greenstick fracture of the mandible: A case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008;26:32-5

Ogunlewe MO, James O, Ladeinde AL, Adeyemo WL. Pattern of paediatric maxillofacial fractures in Lagos, Nigeria. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2006 Sep; 16(5):358-62.

Lieger O, Zix J, Kruse A, Iizuka T. Dental injuries in association with facial fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 Aug; 67(8):1680-4.

Eghtedari F, Khezri S. A Cross-Sectional Study of Mandibular Fracture in Southern Iran: 1997–'98. IJMS 2003 Dec.; 28 (4): 173-5