Detection of Anti-CMV IgM and Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG in Pregnant Women with History of Abortion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2011.028Keywords:
Abortion, Congenital Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus InfectionsAbstract
Background and objectives: Several infection are associated with abortion among them toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infection. Toxoplasma gondii causes congenital toxoplasmosis along with HCMV a highly teratogenic virus that interfere emberyogenesis. Both infections are almost asymptomatic thus, diagnosis depends primarily on serological tests namely ELISA to detect antibodies in serum of pregnant women.
Methods: A semi-quantitative Elisa technique is applied for detection of anti-toxoplasma IgG and anti-CMV IgM in sera of 348 pregnant women tested in Rezan Private Lab who have previously experienced abortion.
Results: The seropositivity rates are 29.05% for Toxoplasma-IgG and 45.25% for CMV-IgM. The increasing age is associated with increasing times of abortion (p ≤ 0.0001). Cases with co-infection are more likely to have multiple abortions. The number of abortions is statistically not highly associated with socioeconomic status of pregnant women (p ≥ 0. 1364).
Conclusion: Through this study a plain connection can be figured out between chance of multiple times of abortion and infections caused by CMV and Toxoplasma gondii. Similarly, this association is verified more with increasing age while the socioeconomic status of cases is not indicative for the possibility of multiple miscarriages. All these results are rationally expected and in agreement with most other studies.
Metrics
References
Bergström S. Infection-Related Morbidities in the Mother, Fetus and Neonate. J Nutr. 2003; 133:1656-60
Mara Depino A. Maternal Infection and the Offspring Brain. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2006; 26(30):7777-8
Ross D. S, Jones J L, Lynch M. Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus, Listeriosis, and Preconception Care. Matern Child Health J.2006; 10:187-91
Pappas G, Roussos N, Falagas M. Toxoplasmosis snapshots: Global status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and congenital toxoplasmosis. International Journal for parasitology. 2009; 39:1385-94
Halonen S. K. and Weiss L. M. Toxoplasma gondii Presentations at the 10th International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists: 100 Years and Counting. Eukaryotic Cell. 2009; 8(4):437-40.
Stray-Pedersen B. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Baillière's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1993; 7(1):107-37
Garry D J, Elimian A, Wiencek V, and Baker D A. commercial laboratory IgM testing for Toxoplasma gondii in pregnancy: A 20-year experience. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2005; 13(3):151-53
Kravetz J D and Federman D G. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. The American Journal of Medicine. 2005; 118:212-16
Gilbert R E, Peckham C S. Congenital toxoplasmosis in the United Kingdom: to screen or not to screen. J. Med. Screen. 2002; 9:135-41
Landolfo S, Gariglio M, Gribaudo G, Lembo D. The Human Cytomegalovirus. Pharmachology and Therapeutics. 2003; 98(3):269-97
Malm G, Engman M. Congenital cytomegalovirus infections. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2007; 12:154-59
Munro S. C. Hall B. Whybin L. R. Leader L. Robertson P. Maine G. T. and Rawlinson W. D. Diagnosis of and Screening for Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnant Women. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2005; 43(9):4713-18
Ornoy A, Diav-Citrin O, Fetal effects of primary and secondary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Reproductive Toxicology. 2006; 21(4):399-409
McCarhy F.P. Jones C. Rowlands S. Giles M. Primary and secondary cytomegalovirus in pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist. 2009; 11(2):96-100
Gibson L, Piccinini G, Lilleri D, Revello M G, Wang Z, Markel S, Diamond D J, Luzuriaga K. Human Cytomegalovirus Proteins pp65 and Immediate Early protein 1 are Common Targets for CD8+ Cell Responses in Children with Congenital or Postnatal Human Cytomegalovirus. Infection. The Journal of Immunology. 2004; 172:2256-64
Fujikawa T, Numazaki K, Asanuma H, Tsutsumi H. Human cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and detection of specific T cells by intracellular cytokine staining. Int J Infect Dis. 2003; 7:215-21
Chou D, Ma Y, Zhan J, McGrath C, Parry S. Cytomegalovirus infection of trophoblast cells elicits an inflammatory response: A possible mechanism of placental dysfunction. American journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2006; 194:535-41
Sinclair J and Sissons P, Latancy and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus. Journal of General Virology. 2006; 87:1763-79
Numazaki K and Fujikawa T, Prevalence of serum antibodies to cytomegalovirus in pregnant women in Sapporo. Japan. Int J Infect Dis. 2002; 6:147-8
Meyer U. The Neurodevelopmental Impact of Prenatal Infections at Different Times of Pregnancy: The Earlier the Worse? Neuroscientist. 2007; 13(3):241-56
Lazzarotto T. The Best Practices for Screening, Monitoring, and Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Disease, Part II. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter. 2010; 32(2):9-15
Ali S A, Sharef T Y. Serological Study of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Spontaneous Abortion. Zanco J. Med. Sci. 2007; 11(1):31-6
Mombrò M, Perathoner C, Leone A, Buttafuoco V, Zotti C, Lievre MA, Fabris C. Congenital toxoplasmosis: assessment of risk to newborns in confirmed and uncertain maternal infection. Eur J Pediatr. 2003; 162(10):703-6
Pechaham C, Tookey P, Logan S, Giaquinto C. Screening options for prevention congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Med Screen. 2001; 8:119-24
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Saeed Kholam Husain, Zagros Kamal Al-Barzanjy, Amin Aziz Bakir, Rezan Kamal Ahmad (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright on any article published in Zanco J Med Sci is retained by the author(s) in agreement with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
