Clinical study of cases with hyperthyroidism in Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Dashty Abbas Al – Bustany

doi:10.15218/zjms.2011.0002

Authors

Dashty Abbas Al – Bustany Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine , HMU, Erbil, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2011.0002

Keywords:

Hyperthyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, Graves disease

Abstract

Background and objectives: Thyrotoxicosis is a common and serious world-wide health problem, it’s one of the common problems in Erbil governorate.

Methods: Clinical analysis done for 675 patients proved to have thyrotoxicosis by thyroid function tests.

Results: Hyperthyroidism in females were 4 times more common than in males, the mean age was around 44 years, graves disease being the most common cause, followed by multinodular goiter, Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis , single nodule goiter, T3-Thyrotoxicosis, then finally auto-immune lymphocytic thyroditis. Weight loss was the most common feature, followed by other well known features of autonomic hyperactivity, tremor was the most common sign reported while periodic paralysis was the least common sign.

Conclusion: Graves disease is the commonest cause of thyrotoxicosis. Iodinization of salt program resulted in transient increase and later on decrease of thyrotoxicosis in the region.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Peter A. Singer, et al, Treatment guidelines for patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, JAMA Middle East, Vol. V, June No.6, 1995; 35-9.

Tunbridge WM, Evered DC, Hall R, et al. The spectrum of thyroid disease in the community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1977; 7: 481–93.

Raymond’s D. Adams, Principles of Neurology, Maurice Vector, 6th edition, 1998: Chapter: 15: pp. 1233-4.

M. W. J. Strachan, B. R. Walker, Endocrine disease: Thyrotoxicosis, Clinical features, Davidson’s principles and practice of medicine, 20th edition. 2006: Chapter: 20; pp. 739-804.

David S Cooper. Seminar: hyperthyroidism. THE LANCET • Vol 362 • August 9, 2003;459-68.

Trzepacz PT, Klein I, Roberts M, Greenhouse J, Levey GS. Graves’ disease: an analysis of thyroid hormone levels and hyperthyroid signs and symptoms. Am J Med 1989; 87: 558–61.

Akbar DH, Mushtaq MM, Al-Sheik AA5. Etiology and outcome of thyrotoxicosis at a university hospital,Saudi Med J. 2000 Apr;21(4):352-4.

Bartley GB6. The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of ophthalmopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota,Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1994;92:477-588.

Henzen Ch7. Hyperthyroidism--differential diagnosis and differential therapy, Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 2003 Jan 8;92(1-2):18-24.

Mazzaferri EL8. Recognizing thyrotoxicosis. Hosp Pract (Minneap). 1999 May 15;34(5):43-6, 49-51, 55-6 passim.

Gilkison CR9. Thyrotoxicosis. Recognition and management. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1997 Nov-Dec;1(5):485-98.

Famuyiwa OO,Bella AF10. Thyrotoxicosis in Nigeria. Analysis of a five year experience. Trop Geogr Med. 1990 Jul;42(3):248-54.

Krassas GE. Thyroid disease and female reproduction. Fertil Steril 2000; 74: 1063–70.

Carlson H. Gynecomastia. N Engl J Med 1980; 305: 795–9.

Dias Da Silva MR, Cerutti JM, Arnaldi LA, Maciel RM. A Mutation in the KCNE3 potassium channel gene is associated with susceptibility to thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 4881–4.

Cobler JL, Williams ME, Greenland P. Thyrotoxicosis in institutionalized elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 1984; 144: 1758–60.

Trivalle C, Doucet J, Chassagne P, et al. Differences in the Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism in Older and Younger Patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44: 50–3.

Shimizu T, Koide S, Noh JY, Sugino K, Ito K, Nakazawa H. Hyperthyroidism and the management of atrial fibrillation. Thyroid 2002; 12: 489–93.19. Ronnov-Jessen V, Kirkegaard C. Hyperthyroidism: a disease of old age? BMJ 1973; 1: 41–3.