Three months prognosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) in Erbil Governorate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2014.0007Keywords:
prognosis, Transient ischemic attackAbstract
Background and objective: A transient ischemic attack is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction resulting from focal cerebral ischemia not associated with permanent cerebral infarction. Transient ischemic attack carries a substantial short-term risk of stroke, hospitalization for cardiovascular events, and death. We aimed to evaluate prognosis of transient ischemic attack within three months follow up period, and identifying the predicting factors. Methods: Thirty patients with transient ischemic attack were evaluated and followed up for 3 months to identify their prognosis. ABCD2 score was used for risk stratification in index and follow up transient ischemic attack patients. Results: Within three months of follow up, 10% of patients developed transient ischemic attack and stroke each. There was an association between increasing age and increasing risk of index transient ischemic attack. Hypertension was the highest risk factors for index transient ischemic attack. Conclusion: Despite standard preventive medications, some patients will still have events later on.Metrics
References
Easton JD, Saver JL, Albers GW, Albers MJ, Chaturvedi S, Feldmann E, et al. Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2009; 40:2276-93.
Pessin MS, Duncan GW, Mohr JP, Poskanzer DC. Clinical and angiographic features of carotid transient ischemic attacks. N Engl J Med 1977; 296:358-62.
Kleindorfer D, Panagos P, Pancioli A,Khoury J, Kissela B, Moomaw C, et al. Incidence and short term prognosis of transient ischemic attack in a population-based study. Stroke 2005; 36:720-3.
Johnston SC, Gress DR, Browner WS, Sidney S. Short-term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA. JAMA 2000; 284:2901-6.
Eliasziw M, Kennedy J, Hill MD, Buchan AM, Barnett HJ. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Group. Early risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack in patients with internal carotid artery disease. CMAJ 2004; 170:1105-9.
Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Flossmann E, Lovelock CE, Redgrave JN, Warlow CP, et al. A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2005; 366:29-36.
Rao SV, Ohman EM, Granger CB, Armstrong PW, Gibler WB, Christenson RH, et al. Prognostic value of isolated troponin elevation across the spectrum of chest pain syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2003; 91:936-40.
Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ, Forbes S, Burvill PW, Anderson CS, et al. Long-term risk of first recurrent stroke in the Perth Community Stroke Study. Stroke1998; 29:2491-500.
Moroney JT, Bagiella E, Paik MC, Sacco RL, Desmond DW. Risk factors for early recurrence after ischemic stroke: the role of strokesyndrome and subtype. Stroke 1998; 29:2118-24.
Bath PM, Lindenstrom E, Boysen G, De Deyn P, Friis P, Leys D, et al. Tinzaparin in acute ischaemic stroke (TAIST): a randomised aspirin-controlled trial. Lancet 2001; 358:702-10.
Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, O’Fallon WM. Reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (RIND) in a community: Rochester, Minnesota. Neurology 1982; 32:459-65.
Albers GW, Caplan LR, Easton JD,Fayad PB, Mohr JP, Saver JL, et al. Transient ischemic attack—proposal for a new definition. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347: 1713-6.
Johnston SC, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Schwartz ME, Fuller K, Williams CE, Josephson SA. National Stroke Association guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks. Ann Neurol 2006; 60:301-13.
Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G,Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, et al. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke.2006; 37:577-617.
Lavallée PC, Meseguer E, Abboud H,Cabrejo L, Olivot J-M, Simon O, et al. A transient ischaemic attack clinic with round-the-clock access (SOS-TIA): feasibility and effects. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6:953-60.
Johnston SC, Smith WS. Practice variability in management of transient ischemic attacks: Epidemiological Impact in the United States of a Tissue-Based Definition of Transient Ischemic Attack. Eur Neurol 1999; 42:105-8.
Johnston SC, Gress DR, Browner WS, Sidney S. Short-term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA. JAMA 2000; 284:2901-6.
Johnston SC, Rothwell PM, Nguyen-Huynh MN,Giles MF, Elkins JS, Bernstein AL, et al. Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2007; 369:283-92
Orla C, Aine M, Lisa A ,Niamh H, Michael M, Lorraine K, et al. Diagnostic Usefulness of the ABCD2 Score to Distinguish Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke From Noncerebrovascular Events. Stroke 2009; 40: 3449-54.
Lewington S, Clarke R, QizilbashN, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360:1903-13.
Josephson S, Sidney S, Trinh N, Allan L. Bernstein and Johnston S. Higher ABCD2 Score Predicts Patients Most Likely to Have True Transient Ischemic Attack. Stroke 2008; 39;3096-8.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Abdullah Faqiyzadin Ahmed (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyright on any article published in Zanco J Med Sci is retained by the author(s) in agreement with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
